Too many riflemen suffer under the misperception they need to spend $1,000 to $10,000 dollars on a special long range rifle in order to shoot far. You need at least a 26-inch barrel and a 20X scope and a 338 Lapua Magnum or 28 Nosler, right? Naw. Your deer rifle will suffice.

What You Need in a Long Range Rifle

The only real requirement for long range shooting is an accurate rifle and a high B.C. bullet. The longer, sleeker and more aerodynamically efficient the bullet, the farther it will fly before air drag slows it and gravity pulls it to ground. A high muzzle velocity helps, but isn’t as important as high B.C. A high-power scope is nice, but 10X will squeak you by surprisingly well. Don't knock it until you've tried it. After all, 10X means objects appear 10 times closer, making a 1,000-yard target appear to be 100 yards away.

Let’s consider a typical 270 Winchester “deer rifle” with 22-inch barrel. Such a set up will usually drive 140-grain bullets 2,900 to 2,970 fps. Let’s assume 2,950 fps for a reasonable average.

Next let’s select a bullet with that desirable, high G-1 ballistic coefficient. Hornady offers a 140-gr. SST rated .496. Nosler claims .496 for its AccuBond, and Berger rates its 140-gr. VLD Hunting bullet .487. Be aware that G-1 B.C. ratings for long-nosed, long-boat-tailed bullets like these aren’t always 100% accurate, and B.C. change slightly from rifle to rifle, so your mileage may vary, so to speak. Nonetheless, lets assume the .496 B.C. is accurate and use it. You’re free to pick the Nosler or Hornady bullet. If their B.C. numbers are accurate, they’ll fly exactly the same. The Berger will be so close behind as to scrape their bottoms for most of the flight.

Now, to maximize our point blank range, we’ll zero dead-on at 270 yards. That should put our bullets 3 inches high at 100 yards peaking 3.7 inches high at 150 yards and falling 4 inches low at 325 yards. Not bad! We’re already extending our point blank range to 325 yards. that means we can aim dead center on the chest of a deer and strike it in the vitals from the muzzle clear out to 325 yards, a long shot for most hunters.

Ballistic Calculator Predicts Long Range Rifle Potential

But we’re talking LONG range rifle shooting here, so let’s see how this puny 270 Winchester handles the distance. Study the following ballistic chart and you’ll see just how much this bullet drops (under the Drop column,) where it strikes (under the Impact col.,) how long it stays airborne (ToF col.,) remaining Energy and how far it is deflected in a right-angle, 10 mph wind (Drift col.)

270 Winchester, Nosler 140-gr. AccuBond If you haven’t seen long range numbers like these before, you might not know how to relate, so let’s compare a similar ballistic chart for the 338 Lapua Magnum throwing Hornady’s 285-grain ELD Match bullet with its incredible BC of .789. From a 27-inch barrel, this ought to generate a MV of 2,750 fps — and a whole lot of recoil. So hold onto your hat…

Ballistics of the Long Range Rifle "Hero," the 338 Lapua Magnum

338 Lapua Magnum, Hornady 285-gr. ELD-Match

Note how the bigger bullet, even though it launches with 200 fps less velocity, shoots about 25 inches flatter at 1,000 yards and drifts a whopping 32 inches less. That’s what a high BC does for you. The 1,300 f-p more energy advantage in the Laupa is due both to the much, much heavier bullet coupled with the efficiency of that .789 BC. Clearly, this is the superior round for 1,000 yard shooting. But…

Rifles chambered 338 Lapua Mag. aren’t a dime a dozen. Neither is the ammo. Each cartridge will set you back $2.60 up to $6 each. Loading your own should nearly knock that in half. In contrast, a 270 Win. cartridge will run $1 to $3 per each. Figure $1.60 as a reasonable average to get some of these high BC bullets.

Compare a Milder Long Range Rifle Option -- 6.5 Creedmoor

Of course, there are long range options less expensive than the 338 Lapua. An extremely popular one is the light-kicking 6.5 Creedmoor. Most of these are sold for $1 to $1.70 per round. They kick slightly less than a 270 Win. So let’s compare 6.5 Creedmoor ballistics to our 270 Win. Berger’s 140-gr. Match Hybrid Target bullet at BC .618 is a good option, but we’ll work with the new 143-gr. Hornady ELD-X with its impressive .625 BC. Once again we’ll stick with our 270-yard zero to maximize point-blank-range.

6.5 Creedmoor, Hornady 143-gr. ELD-X

Here you can appreciate how the old 270 Winchester really measures up. Few of us think of it as a contender for long range shooting, yet it hangs right in there with the 6.5 Creedmoor, the darling of the long range set. Note the 1,000 yard impacts are identical. Wind deflection (Drift) is a lot less with the 6.5 bullet, and that's because of its superior BC, which also preserves more of the 6.5mm bullet's energy. This is why I keep preaching high BC bullets. Their efficiency is a big, big deal.

There are plenty of other traditional cartridges that will perform similarly to the 270 Win., including the 280 Rem., 7mm-08 Rem. and even the old 30-06. As this earlier post on RSO illustrates, the 7mm Rem. Mag. and 300 Win. Mag. are even better. But whatever you shoot can be pressed into long range duty. Just shop for the highest BC bullet your rifle will drive. Then run some ballistic calculations and see what kind of trajectory curve you’re dealing with. Once you know that, you’re more than halfway home.

Final Ingredient for the Budget Long Range Rifle

Here’s the final piece of the puzzle: laser rangefinder. If you know the precise range to the target AND your trajectory curve, you’re prepared to compensate. You can do this with a ballistic reticle, a dialing turret and even some judicious Kentucky Windage (hold-over, which works reasonably well to 500 yards.) What you don’t need is a 338 Lapua Magnum. It would be nice, but don’t stay home and sit on your hands if you don’t have one. Combine the best ammo (high BC bullets) with your rifle and you’ll be ringing steel at 600, 700 and maybe even 1,000 yards -- with almost no additional expense.

Fun!

P.S. This doesn't mean I'm advocating shooting at game at ridiculous distances. But training to shoot far helps you nail more reasonable shots. Once you've drilled a few targets at 600 yards, 300-yard shots will start looking like slam dunks.